AI-driven triple-optimization based on ant colony optimization for minimizing deformation energy in three-dimensional analysis of bottom-hole assemblies

Qinfeng DI, Dakun LUO, Heyuan YANG, Tianxin LI, Wenchang WANG, Feng CHEN, H. ZHANG

Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition) . 2026, (6): 1417 -1432 . DOI: 10.1007/s10483-026-3399-9