Fig. 1

The structural design of the BEH-GR, which is simultaneously influenced by galloping and random excitation (color online)"

Table 1

Parameters of the piezo-aeroelastic energy harvester in numerical simulation and experiment"

Fig. 2

(a) Total mechanical energy and (b) energy-variable frequency ω(H) of the unperturbed system (color online)"

Fig. 3

Comparison of theoretical predictions and numerical simulations for D=0.2, D=0.4, and D=0.6. (a), (b), and (c): 3-D analytical prediction of JPDF with the SAM; (d), (e), and (f): 3-D numerical simulation of JPDF with the Euler-Maruyama method; (g) and (h): MPDF and time domain response for three random excitation levels ("Num." means numerical and "Ana." means analytical) (color online)"

Fig. 4

JPDFs of a BEH-GR for four wind speeds. (a) ${\bar U}$=1; (b) ${\bar U}$=1.5; (c) ${\bar U}$=2; (d) ${\bar U}$=2.5 (color online)"

Fig. 5

Curves of the average output power: (a) the effect of electro-mechanical coupling coefficient κ; (b) the effect of time constant ratio λ (color online)"

Fig. 6

(a) 3-D diagram of acceleration-wind speed-RMS voltage; (b) 3-D diagram of acceleration-wind speed-SD displacement; (c) RSNR curve; (d) simulated time histories of displacements for U=1 m/s, U=1.3 m/s, U=1.6 m/s, and U=1.9 m/s (color online)"

Fig. 7

Simulated time-domain responses of LEH-GR at four wind speeds. (a) and (b): U=1 m/s; (c) and (d): U=1.5 m/s; (e) and (f): U=2 m/s; (g) and (h): U=2.5 m/s. The lines of blue, brown, yellow, and purple represent the time domain displacement responses under the random excitation levels of 0.02g, 0.05g, 0.2g, and 0.4g, respectively (color online)"

Fig. 8

Simulated time-domain responses of BEH-GR at four wind speeds. (a) and (b): U=1 m/s; (c) and (d): U=1.5 m/s; (e) and (f): U=2 m/s; (g) and (h): U=2.5 m/s. The lines of blue, brown, yellow, and purple represent the time domain displacement responses under the random excitation levels of 0.02g, 0.05g, 0.2g, and 0.4g, respectively (color online)"

Fig. 9

Experimental setup of BEH-GR: (a) general layout; (b) enlarged view of the BEH; (c) top view of the BEH under hybrid excitation (color online)"

Fig. 10

(a) 3-D diagram of acceleration-wind speed-RMS voltage; (b) 3-D diagram of acceleration-wind speed-SD displacement (color online)"

Fig. 11

Experimental time-domain displacement responses of LEH-GR and BEH-GR. (a) and (b): U=1 m/s; (c) and (d): U=1.5 m/s; (e) and (f): U=2 m/s; (g) and (h): U=2.5 m/s. The lines of blue, brown, yellow, and purple represent the time domain displacement responses under the random excitation levels of 0.02g, 0.05g, 0.2g, and 0.4g, respectively (color online)"

Fig. 12

Experimental time-domain voltage responses of LEH-GR and BEH-GR. (a) and (b): U=1 m/s; (c) and (d): U=1.5 m/s; (e) and (f): U=2 m/s; (g) and (h): U=2.5 m/s. The lines of blue, brown, yellow, and purple represent the time domain voltage responses under the random excitation levels of 0.02g, 0.05g, 0.2g, and 0.4g, respectively (color online)"

Table 2

Demographic prediction performance comparison by three evaluation metrics"