This study provides a thorough investigation into the vibration behavior and impulse response characteristics of composite honeycomb cylindrical shells filled with damping gel (DG-FHCSs). To address the limitations of existing methods, a dynamic model is developed for both free and forced vibration scenarios. These models incorporate the virtual spring technology to accurately simulate a wide range of boundary conditions. Using the first-order shear deformation theory in conjunction with the Jacobi orthogonal polynomials, an energy expression is formulated, and the natural frequencies and mode shapes are determined via the Ritz method. Based on the Newmark-\beta method, the pulse response amplitudes and attenuation characteristics under various transient excitation loads are analyzed and evaluated. The accuracy of the theoretical model and the vibration suppression capability of the damping gel are experimentally validated. Furthermore, the effects of key structural parameters on the natural frequency and vibration response are systematically examined.