Table of Content

07 May 2025, Volume 46 Issue 5

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Effective elastic modulus and energy absorption performance evaluations of a novel re-entrant chiral hybrid honeycomb

Youjiang CUI, Zhihui XU, Que ZHOU, Baolin WANG, Kaifa WANG, Biao WANG

2025, 46(5):  781-794.  doi:10.1007/s10483-025-3246-9

Abstract ( 69 )   HTML ( 4)   PDF (4929KB) ( 62 )  

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Re-entrant honeycombs are widely used in safeguard structures due to their geometric simplicity and excellent energy absorption capacities. However, traditional re-entrant honeycombs exhibit insufficient stiffness and stability owing to the lack of internal support. This paper proposes a new hybrid honeycomb by integrating a chiral component inside the re-entrant honeycomb. Since Young's modulus is a key parameter to evaluate the energy absorption performance and stiffness, an analytical model is given to predict the effective Young's modulus of the proposed hybrid honeycomb. It is found that the optimal design scheme is to directly insert a circular ring inside the re-entrant honeycomb. The normalized specific energy absorption (SEA) of the hybrid honeycomb is 95% larger than that of the traditional re-entrant honeycomb. The normalized SEA first increases to a peak value and then decreases with the cell wall thickness. The optimal thickness of the cell wall for the maximum SEA is derived in terms of the geometric configuration of the unit cell. The normalized SEA first decreases to a valley value and then increases with the re-entrant angle. A longer horizontal cell wall results in a smaller normalized SEA. This paper provides a new design method for safeguard structures with high stiffness and energy absorption performance.

Vibration energy harvesting of a three-directional functionally graded pipe conveying fluids

Tianchi YU, Feng LIANG, Hualin YANG

2025, 46(5):  795-812.  doi:10.1007/s10483-025-3249-8

Abstract ( 37 )   HTML ( 2)   PDF (1490KB) ( 18 )  

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This paper proposes a novel three-directional functionally graded (3D FG) vibration energy harvesting model based on a bimorph pipe structure. A rectangular pipe has material properties that vary continuously along the axial, width, and height directions, and a steady fluid flows inside the pipe. Two piezoelectric layers are attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the pipe, and are connected in series with a load resistance. The output electricity is predicted theoretically and validated by finite element (FE) simulation. The complex mechanisms regulating the energy harvesting performance are investigated, focusing particularly on the effects of 3D FG material (FGM) parameters, load resistance, fluid-structure interaction (FSI), and geometry. Numerical results indicate that among several material gradient parameters, the axial gradient index has the most significant impact. Increasing the axial and height gradient indices can markedly enhance the energy harvesting performance. The optimal resistances differ between the first two modes. Overall, the maximum power is generated at lower resistances. The FSI effect can also improve the energy harvesting performance; however, higher flow velocities may destabilize the system, causing failure of harvesting energy. This research is capable of providing new insights into the design of a pipe energy harvester in engineering applications.

Dispersion, attenuation, and bandgap of in-plane coupled Bloch waves in piezoelectric semiconductor phononic crystal with PN junction

Zibo WEI, Peijun WEI, Chunyu XU, Xiao GUO

2025, 46(5):  813-830.  doi:10.1007/s10483-025-3252-7

Abstract ( 31 )   HTML ( 2)   PDF (3770KB) ( 24 )  

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In this paper, the dispersion, attenuation, and bandgap characteristics of in-plane coupled Bloch waves in one-dimensional piezoelectric semiconductor (PSC) phononic crystals are investigated, emphasizing the influence of positive-negative (PN) junctions. Unlike piezoelectric phononic crystals, the coupled Bloch waves in PSC phononic crystals are attenuated due to their semiconductor properties, and thus the solution of Bloch waves becomes more complicated. The transfer matrix of the phononic crystal unit cell is obtained using the state transfer equation. By applying the Bloch theorem for periodic structures, the dispersion relation of the coupled Bloch waves is derived, and the dispersion, attenuation, and bandgap are obtained in the complex wave number domain. It is found that the influence of the PN junction cannot be neglected. Moreover, the effects of the PN junction under different apparent wave numbers and steady-state carrier concentrations are provided. This indicates the feasibility of adjusting the propagation characteristics of Bloch waves through the regulation of the PN heterojunction.

Competition between electro-magnetic enhancing and shear stress weakening effects on adhesion behaviors of multiferroic composites

Yueting ZHOU, Qinghui LUO, Lihua WANG, Shenghu DING

2025, 46(5):  831-848.  doi:10.1007/s10483-025-3245-8

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The adhesion enhancing effect induced by electro-magnetic loading and the adhesion weakening effect resulting from interfacial shear stress have been observed and widely reported in open literature. However, the adhesion behavior of multiferroic composites in the simultaneous presence of these two effects and the competitive mechanism between them are still unclear. In this paper, the non-slipping adhesive contact problem between a multiferroic half-space and a perfectly conducting rigid cylinder subject to multi-field loading is studied. The stated problem is reduced to a system of coupled singular integral equations, which are analytically solved with the analytical function theory. The closed-form solutions of the generalized stress fields including the contact stress, normal electric displacement, and magnetic induction are obtained. The stable equilibrium state of the adhesion system is determined with the Griffith energy balance criterion. The adhesion behavior subject to mechanical-electro-magnetic loading and a mismatch strain is discussed in detail. Numerical results indicate that exerting electro-magnetic loading can enhance the adhesion effect for both two types of multiferroic composites, namely, \kappa-class (non-oscillatory singularity) and \epsilon-class, which is different from the case of piezoelectric materials. It is found that the contact size finally decreases in the simultaneous presence of the electro-magnetic enhancing and shear-stress weakening effects. The results derived from this work not only are helpful to understand the contact behavior of multiferroic composites at micro/nano scale, but also have potential application value in achieving switchable adhesion.

Dynamic modeling and simulation of blade-casing system with rubbing considering time-varying stiffness and mass of casing

Hui MA, Hong GUAN, Lin QU, Xumin GUO, Qinqin MU, Yao ZENG, Yanyan CHEN

2025, 46(5):  849-868.  doi:10.1007/s10483-025-3244-7

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As a common fault of the aero-engine, the blade-casing rubbing (BCR) has the potential to cause catastrophic accidents. In this paper, to investigate the dynamic responses and wear characteristics of the system, the laminated shell element is used to establish the finite element model (FEM) of a flexibly coated casing system. Using the shell element, the blade is modeled, and the surface stress of the blade is calculated. The stress-solving method of the blade is validated through comparisons with the measured time-domain waveform of the stress. Then, a dynamic model of a blade-flexibly coated casing system with rubbing is proposed, accounting for the time-varying mass and stiffness of the casing caused by coating wear. The effects of the proposed flexible casing model are compared with those of a rigid casing model, and the stress changes induced by rubbing are investigated. The results show that the natural characteristics of the coated casing decrease due to the coating wear. The flexibly coated casing model is found to be more suitable for studying casing vibration. Additionally, the stress changes caused by rubbing are slight, and the change in the stress maximum is approximately 5% under the influence of the abrasive coating.

Macro fiber composite-based active control of nonlinear forced vibration of functionally graded plate

Peiliang ZHANG, Jianfei WANG

2025, 46(5):  869-884.  doi:10.1007/s10483-025-3250-9

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Owing to their high flexibility and directional actuation capabilities, macro fiber composites (MFCs) have attracted significant attention for the active control of structures, especially in the nonlinear vibration suppression applications for large-scale flexible structures. In this paper, an MFC-based self-feedback system is introduced for the active control of geometrically nonlinear steady-state forced vibrations in functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) plates subject to transverse mechanical loads. Based on the first-order shear deformation theory and the von Kármán nonlinear strain-displacement relationship, the nonlinear vibration control equations of the plate with MFC sensor and actuator layers are derived by Hamilton's principle. These equations are discretized by the finite element method (FEM), and solved by the Newton-Raphson and direct iterative methods. A velocity feedback control algorithm is introduced, and the effects of the control gain and the MFC actuator position on the nonlinear vibration active control effectiveness are analyzed. Additionally, a nonlinear resonance analysis is carried out, considering the effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) volume fraction and distribution type. The results indicate that the intrinsic characteristics of the structures significantly influence the vibration behavior. Furthermore, the appropriate selections of control gain and MFC position are crucial for the effective active control of the structures. The present work provides a promising route of the active and efficient nonlinear vibration suppression for various thin-walled structures.

High-precision numerical modeling of the projectile launch and failure mechanism analysis of projectile-borne components

Xindan GUO, Qiming LIU, Xu HAN, Tao LI, Bin'an JIANG, Canwei CAI

2025, 46(5):  885-906.  doi:10.1007/s10483-025-3254-9

Abstract ( 28 )   HTML ( 2)   PDF (1527KB) ( 13 )  

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As core components of precision-guided projectiles, projectile-borne components are highly susceptible to failure or even damage in complex high-overload environments, thereby significantly compromising launch reliability and safety. However, accurately characterizing the mechanical behavior of propellants remains challenging due to the limitations in the current internal ballistic theory and the constraints of large-scale artillery firing experiments. This complicates the high-precision numerical modeling of projectile launch, and obstructs investigations into the failure mechanisms of projectile-borne components. Therefore, this paper identifies propellant parameters using the computational inverse method under uncertainty, further establishes high-precision numerical models of projectile launch, and explores the failure mechanisms of projectile-borne components in complex high-overload environments. First, a projectile launching experiment is meticulously designed and executed to obtain the breech pressure and muzzle velocity. Then, a general simulation model is built, and the powder burn model is used to simulate the ignition and combustion. Subsequently, the propellant parameters are effectively identified with the computational inverse method by the combination of the experiments and simulations. A high-precision numerical model of projectile launch is modified with the parameters validated by another experiment, and the high-overload characteristics during projectile launch are thoroughly analyzed based on this model. Finally, the high-overload characteristics of projectile-borne components are analyzed to elucidate the stress variation laws and to reveal the failure mechanisms influenced by time and spatial locations. This research provides an effective method for perfectly identifying propellant parameters and building high-precision numerical models of projectile launch. Additionally, it provides significant guidance for the anti-high overload design and analysis of projectile-borne components.

Periodic response and stability analysis of vibro-impact systems by an enriched harmonic balance method

Yu ZHOU, Li WANG, Jianliang HUANG

2025, 46(5):  907-926.  doi:10.1007/s10483-025-3253-8

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A vibro-impact system is a hot topic in the study on nonlinear dynamics due to its generality and importance in engineering. In general, the alternating frequency-time harmonic balance (AFT-HB) method can be used to solve elastic collision. However, since the system is non-smooth, the required Fourier/harmonic truncation order is high in order to achieve the theoretical convergence rate, resulting in expensive computational cost. Furthermore, for rigid body collision, the periodic response of the system cannot be solved with the AFT-HB method due to the discontinuous velocity of the system. In order to accelerate the convergence and solve highly non-smooth systems, an enriched harmonic balance (HB) method is proposed, which is derived from the AFT-HB method in the framework of event-driven Gauss quadrature. The basic idea is to augment the Fourier bases by introducing a non-smooth Bernoulli base such that the non-smooth Bernoulli base compensates for the non-smooth part of the solution and the smooth part of the solution is approximated by the Fourier bases, thus achieving accelerated convergence. Based on the enriched HB method, gear pair systems with gear backlash and oscillator systems with rigid impact are solved, and the dynamic response characteristics are analyzed in this work. Then, based on the Floquet theory, the event-driven monodromy matrix method for non-smooth systems is used to analyze the stability and bifurcation of the periodic solutions. The numerical example shows that the results obtained from the enriched HB method are consistent with those from the Runge-Kutta method, which proves that the presented method is an effective method for analyzing the dynamic response characteristic of the vibro-impact system.

Orthogonality conditions and analytical response solutions of damped gyroscopic double-beam system: an example of pipe-in-pipe system

Jinming FAN, Zhongbiao PU, Jie YANG, Xueping CHANG, Yinghui LI

2025, 46(5):  927-946.  doi:10.1007/s10483-025-3247-6

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The double-beam system is a crucial foundational structure in industry, with extensive application contexts and significant research value. The double-beam system with damping and gyroscopic effects is termed as the damped gyroscopic double-beam system. In such systems, the orthogonality conditions of the undamped double-beam system are no longer applicable, rendering it impossible to decouple them in modal space using the modal superposition method (MSM) to obtain analytical solutions. Based on the complex modal method and state space method, this paper takes the damped pipe-in-pipe (PIP) system as an example to solve this problem. The concepts of the original system and adjoint system are introduced, and the orthogonality conditions of the damped PIP system are given in the state-space. Based on the derived orthogonality conditions, the transient and steady-state response solutions are obtained. In the numerical discussion section, the convergence and accuracy of the solutions are verified. In addition, the dynamic responses of the system under different excitations and initial conditions are studied, and the forward and reverse synchronous vibrations in the PIP system are discussed. Overall, the method presented in this paper provides a convenient way to analyze the dynamics of the damped gyroscopic double-beam system.

Comparative study on vibro-acoustic properties of sandwich shells containing functionally-graded porous materials in a thermal environment

Xinbiao XIAO, Xinte WANG, Jian HAN, Yuanpeng HE

2025, 46(5):  947-964.  doi:10.1007/s10483-025-3251-6

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The dynamics of functionally-graded (FG) sandwich shells with varied pore distributions in thermal environments is investigated, focusing on their free vibration behaviors and sound transmission loss (STL) characteristics. The effective material parameters are calculated by integrating the graded distribution through three distinct pore distribution laws. The dynamic governing equations are derived by means of the first-order shear deformation theory, guided by Hamilton's principle. The solutions for the natural frequency and acoustic transmission loss factor are obtained from the shell's free vibration general solution and the acoustic displacement function, respectively. A detailed numerical analysis is conducted to assess the impacts of the structural and geometric parameters, as well as the ambient temperature, on the vibro-acoustic properties. The results indicate that vibro-acoustic coupling is most significant in shells with a symmetric non-uniform pore distribution, and the resonance frequency shifts towards lower frequencies as the power-law index increases. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing the design of materials aimed at vibration damping and acoustic management.

Structural vibration control using nonlinear damping amplifier friction vibration absorbers

S. CHOWDHURY, S. ADHIKARI

2025, 46(5):  965-988.  doi:10.1007/s10483-025-3248-7

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This paper introduces damping amplifier friction vibration absorbers (DAFVAs), compound damping amplifier friction vibration absorbers (CDAFVAs), nested damping amplifier friction vibration absorbers (NDAFVAs), and levered damping amplifier friction vibration absorbers (LDAFVAs) for controlling the structural vibrations and addressing the limitations of conventional tuned mass dampers (TMDs) and friction-tuned mass dampers (FTMDs). The closed-form analytical solution for the optimized design parameters is obtained using the H_2 and H_{\infty } optimization approaches. The efficiency of the recently established closed-form equations for the optimal design parameters is confirmed by the analytical examination. The closed form formulas for the dynamic responses of the main structure and the vibration absorbers are derived using the transfer matrix formulations. The foundation is provided by the harmonic and random-white noise excitations. Moreover, the effectiveness of the innovative dampers has been validated through numerical analysis. The optimal DAFVAs, CDAFVAs, NDAFVAs, and LDAFVAs exhibit at least 30% lower vibration reduction capacity compared with the optimal TMD. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the damping amplification mechanism, the novel absorbers are compared with a conventional FTMD. The results show that the optimized novel absorbers achieve at least 91% greater vibration reduction than the FTMD. These results show how the suggested designs might strengthen the structure's resilience to dynamic loads.