Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition)

Self-consistent parabolized stability equation (PSE) method for compressible boundary layer

Yongming ZHANG, Caihong SU

2015, 36(7): 835-846. doi:10.1007/s10483-015-1951-9

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The parabolized stability equation (PSE) method has been proven to be a useful and convenient tool for the investigation of the stability and transition problems of boundary layers. However, in its original formulation, for nonlinear problems, the complex wave number of each Fourier mode is determined by the so-called phase-locked rule, which results in non-self-consistency in the wave numbers. In this paper, a modification is proposed to make it self-consistent. The main idea is that, instead of allowing wave numbers to be complex, all wave numbers are kept real, and the growth or decay of each mode is simply manifested in the growth or decay of the modulus of its shape function. The validity of the new formulation is illustrated by comparing the results with those from the corresponding direct numerical simulation (DNS) as applied to a problem of compressible boundary layer with Mach number 6.

On study of horizontal thin film flow of Sisko fluid due to surface tension gradient

A. M. SIDDIQUI, H. ASHRAF, A. WALAIT, T. HAROON

2015, 36(7): 847-862. doi:10.1007/s10483-015-1952-9

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The present paper is concerned with the steady thin film flow of the Sisko fluid on a horizontal moving plate, where the surface tension gradient is a driving mechanism. The analytic solution for the resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equation is obtained by the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The physical quantities are derived including the pressure profile, the velocity profile, the maximum residue time, the stationary points, the volume flow rate, the average film velocity, the uniform film thickness, the shear stress, the surface tension profile, and the vorticity vector. It is found that the velocity of the Sisko fluid film decreases when the fluid behavior index and the Sisko fluid parameter increase, whereas it increases with an increase in the inverse capillary number. An increase in the inverse capillary number results in an increase in the surface tension which in turn results in an increase in the surface tension gradient on the Sisko fluid film. The locations of the stationary points are shifted towards the moving plate with the increase in the inverse capillary number, and vice versa locations for the stationary points are found with the increasing Sisko fluid parameter. Furthermore, shear thinning and shear thickening characteristics of the Sisko fluid are discussed. A comparison is made between the Sisko fluid film and the Newtonian fluid film.

New conditions of stability and convergence of Stokes and Newton iterations for Navier-Stokes equations

Guodong ZHANG, Xiaojing DONG, Yongzheng AN, Hong LIU

2015, 36(7): 863-872. doi:10.1007/s10483-015-1953-9

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Skew-gradient representations of constrained mechanical systems

Fengxiang MEI, Jinchao CUI

2015, 36(7): 873-882. doi:10.1007/s10483-015-1954-9

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The characteristics of stationary and non-stationary skew-gradient systems are studied. The skew-gradient representations of holonomic systems, Birkhoffian systems, generalized Birkhoffian systems, and generalized Hamiltonian systems are given. The characteristics of skew-gradient systems are used to study integration and stability of the solution of constrained mechanical systems. Examples are given to illustrate applications of the result.

Multi-axial strain-stiffening elastic potentials with energy bounds: explicit approach based on uniaxial data

Lidan YU, Tianfu JIN, Zhengnan YIN, Heng XIAO

2015, 36(7): 883-894. doi:10.1007/s10483-015-1955-9

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According to the well-known models for rubberlike elasticity with strainstiffening effects, the unbounded strain energy is generated with the unlimitedly growing stress when the stretch approaches certain limits. Toward a solution to this issue, an explicit approach is proposed to derive the multi-axial elastic potentials directly from the uniaxial potentials. Then, a new multi-axial potential is presented to characterize the strain-stiffening effect by prescribing suitable forms of uniaxial potentials so that the strain energy is always bounded as the stress grows to infinity. Numerical examples show good agreement with a number of test data.

Homogenized and classical expressions for static bending solutions for functionally graded material Levinson beams

Shirong LI, Zeqing WAN, Xuan WANG

2015, 36(7): 895-910. doi:10.1007/s10483-015-1956-9

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The exact relationship between the bending solutions of functionally graded material (FGM) beams based on the Levinson beam theory and those of the corresponding homogenous beams based on the classical beam theory is presented for the material properties of the FGM beams changing continuously in the thickness direction. The deflection, the rotational angle, the bending moment, and the shear force of FGM Levinson beams (FGMLBs) are given analytically in terms of the deflection of the reference homogenous Euler-Bernoulli beams (HEBBs) with the same loading, geometry, and end supports. Consequently, the solution of the bending of non-homogenous Levinson beams can be simplified to the calculation of transition coefficients, which can be easily determined by variation of the gradient of material properties and the geometry of beams. This is because the classical beam theory solutions of homogenous beams can be easily determined or are available in the textbook of material strength under a variety of boundary conditions. As examples, for different end constraints, particular solutions are given for the FGMLBs under specified loadings to illustrate validity of this approach. These analytical solutions can be used as benchmarks to check numerical results in the investigation of static bending of FGM beams based on higher-order shear deformation theories.

Existence results for unilateral contact problem with friction of thermo-electro-elasticity

H. BENAISSA, EL-H. ESSOUFI, R. FAKHAR

2015, 36(7): 911-926. doi:10.1007/s10483-015-1957-9

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This work studies a mathematical model describing the static process of contact between a piezoelectric body and a thermally-electrically conductive foundation. The behavior of the material is modeled with a thermo-electro-elastic constitutive law. The contact is described by Signorini's conditions and Tresca's friction law including the electrical and thermal conductivity conditions. A variational formulation of the model in the form of a coupled system for displacements, electric potential, and temperature is de- rived. Existence and uniqueness of the solution are proved using the results of variational inequalities and a fixed point theorem.

Surface effects on mechanical behavior of elastic nanoporous materials under high strain

Zixing LU, Fan XIE, Qiang LIU, Zhenyu YANG

2015, 36(7): 927-938. doi:10.1007/s10483-015-1958-9

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This paper studies surface effects on the mechanical behavior of nanoporous materials under high strains with an improved anisotropic Kelvin model. The stress-strain relations are derived by the theories of Euler-Bernoulli beam and surface elasticity. Meanwhile, the influence of strut (or ligament) size on the mechanical properties of nanoporous materials is discussed, which becomes a key factor with consideration of the residual surface stress and the surface elasticity. The results show that the decrease in the strut diameter and the increase in the residual surface stress or the surface elasticity can both lead to an increase in the carrying capacity of nanoporous materials. Furthermore, mechanical behaviors of anisotropic nanoporous materials in different directions (the rise direction and the transverse direction) are investigated. The results indicate that the surface effects in the transverse direction are more obvious than those in the rise direction for anisotropic nanoporous materials. In addition, the present results can be reduced to the cases of conventional foams as the strut size increases to micron-scale, which confirms validity of the model to a certain extent.

Thermo-electromechanical behavior of functionally graded piezoelectric hollow cylinder under non-axisymmetric loads

A. ATRIAN, J. JAFARI FESHARAKI, S. H. NOURBAKHSH

2015, 36(7): 939-954. doi:10.1007/s10483-015-1959-9

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This paper presents an analytical solution of a thick walled cylinder com- posed of a functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) and subjected to a uniform electric field and non-axisymmetric thermo-mechanical loads. All material properties, except Poisson's ratio that is assumed to be constant, obey the same power law. An exact solution for the resulting Navier equations is developed by the separation of variables and complex Fourier series. Stress and strain distributions and a displacement field through the cylinder are obtained by this technique. To examine the analytical approach, different examples are solved by this method, and the results are discussed.

Analytical solutions for plane problem of functionally graded magnetoelectric cantilever beam

Yanmei YUE, Xiaofen YE, Kaiyu XU

2015, 36(7): 955-970. doi:10.1007/s10483-015-1980-9

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In this paper, an exact analytical solution is presented for a transversely isotropic functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic (FGMEE) cantilever beam, which is subjected to a uniform load on its upper surface, as well as the concentrated force and moment at the free end. This solution can be applied for any form of gradient distribution. For the basic equations of plane problem, all the partial differential equations governing the stress field, electric, and magnetic potentials are derived. Then, the expressions of Airy stress, electric, and magnetic potential functions are assumed as quadratic polynomials of the longitudinal coordinate. Based on all the boundary conditions, the exact expressions of the three functions can be determined. As numerical examples, the material parameters are set as exponential and linear distributions in the thickness direction. The effects of the material parameters on the mechanical, electric, and magnetic fields of the cantilever beam are analyzed in detail.

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