Size-dependent axisymmetric bending and buckling analysis of functionally graded sandwich Kirchhoff nanoplates using nonlocal strain gradient integral model

doi:10.1007/s10483-025-3222-9

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper extends the one-dimensional (1D) nonlocal strain gradient integral model (NStraGIM) to the two-dimensional (2D) Kirchhoff axisymmetric nanoplates, based on nonlocal strain gradient integral relations formulated along both the radial and circumferential directions. By transforming the proposed integral constitutive equations into the equivalent differential forms, complemented by the corresponding constitutive boundary conditions (CBCs), a well-posed mathematical formulation is established for analyzing the axisymmetric bending and buckling of annular/circular functionally graded (FG) sandwich nanoplates. The boundary conditions at the inner edge of a solid nanoplate are derived by L'Hôspital's rule. The numerical solution is obtained by the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). The accuracy of the proposed model is validated through comparison with the data from the existing literature. A parameter study is conducted to demonstrate the effects of FG sandwich parameters, size parameters, and nonlocal gradient parameters.

Key words: size effect, nonlocal strain gradient integral model (NStraGIM), bending, buckling, Kirchhoff annular/circular nanoplate, functionally graded (FG) sandwich material

2010 MSC Number:

O343.1

Chang LI, Hai QING. Size-dependent axisymmetric bending and buckling analysis of functionally graded sandwich Kirchhoff nanoplates using nonlocal strain gradient integral model. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition), 2025, 46(3): 467-484.

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URL: https://www.amm.shu.edu.cn/EN/10.1007/s10483-025-3222-9

https://www.amm.shu.edu.cn/EN/Y2025/V46/I3/467

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1

Table 1

Different types of volume compositions"

Integral array	1-8-1	1-2-1	1-1-1	2-1-2
Volume fraction of the core	0.8	0.5	1/3	0.2
h₂	$− 2 h / 5$	$− h / 4$	$− h / 6$	$− h / 10$
h₃	$2 h / 5$	$h / 4$	$h / 6$	$h / 10$

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

The NBL of an annular nanoplate (κ, c→0+)"

Condition	Method	CC	SS	CS	SC
$a / (b − a) = 0.1$	NStraGIM	41.121	14.632	18.363	33.024
$a / (b − a) = 0.1$	Reddy^[58]	41.192	14.636	18.344	33.046
$a / (b − a) = 0.5$	NStraGIM	39.714	10.841	18.619	23.878
$a / (b − a) = 0.5$	Reddy^[58]	39.868	10.795	18.609	23.841

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Table 5

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Table 6

NBLs of local FG sandwich annular and circular nanoplates under different BCs with the power-law index α=0.5 and the volume composition set as 1-2-1"

Aspect ratio	Annular nanoplate				Circular nanoplate
Aspect ratio	CC	CS	SC	SS	Clamped	Simply-supported
$a / (b − a) = 0.1$	28.327 0	12.734 5	22.942 4	10.240 7	10.531 8	3.014 6
$a / (b − a) = 0.5$	27.374 2	12.897 8	16.600 5	7.587 8	10.531 8	3.014 6

Table 6

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Method	Clamped end	Simply supported
NStraGIM	0.015 620	0.065 640
Reddy^[58]	0.015 625	0.065 625

Method	Clamped end	Simply supported
NStraGIM	14.570	4.196
Reddy^[58]	14.682	4.198

Type	BC	Volume composition	FG index α
Type	BC	Volume composition	0	0.5	1	2	3	5	10
Annular plate	CC	1-8-1	32.104 390	27.464 940	25.242 500	23.115 830	22.099 640	21.123 120	20.276 570
		1-1-1	32.104 390	20.519 630	15.614 120	11.540 060	9.891 029	8.546 865	7.616 580
		1-0-1	32.104 390	17.886 730	12.461 570	8.533 008	7.223 487	6.381 652	6.005 541
	CS	1-8-1	16.821 740	14.390 810	13.226 310	12.112 010	11.579 550	11.067 880	10.624 320
		1-1-1	16.821 740	10.751 670	8.181 333	6.046 644	5.182 604	4.478 302	3.990 861
		1-0-1	16.821 740	9.372 112	6.529 491	4.471 041	3.784 891	3.343 795	3.146 724
	SC	1-8-1	20.444 190	17.489 770	16.074 510	14.720 250	14.073 130	13.451 280	12.912 190
		1-1-1	20.444 190	13.066 970	9.943 129	7.348 750	6.298 644	5.442 675	4.850 266
		1-0-1	20.444 190	11.390 330	7.935 574	5.433 850	4.599 943	4.063 859	3.824 350
	SS	1-8-1	10.532 120	9.295 863	8.710 415	8.156 260	7.894 183	7.644 385	7.429 746
		1-1-1	10.532 120	7.491 174	6.296 477	5.451 963	5.205 139	5.089 304	5.082 384
		1-0-1	10.532 120	6.836 203	5.621 308	5.088 682	5.104 743	5.218 890	5.304 845
Circular plate	Clamped	1-8-1	11.920 310	10.197 690	9.372 499	8.582 873	8.205 564	7.842 980	7.528 660
		1-1-1	11.920 310	7.618 906	5.797 499	4.284 805	3.672 524	3.173 438	2.828 025
		1-0-1	11.920 310	7.163 657	5.229 878	3.705 083	3.129 395	2.695 962	2.432 498
	Simply-supported	1-8-1	4.007 257	3.428 163	3.150 759	2.885 309	2.758 469	2.636 579	2.530 914
		1-1-1	4.007 257	2.561 252	1.948 949	1.440 425	1.234 594	1.066 816	0.950 699
		1-0-1	4.007 257	2.232 615	1.555 448	1.065 087	0.901 633	0.796 555	0.749 609